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                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
                            Preamble
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                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
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    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
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    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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 might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
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 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
 into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
 may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
 the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
 Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
@@ -3,142 +3,13 @@
  outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
  let
-    pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.x86_64-linux;
+    pkgs = import nixpkgs {
-
+      system = "x86_64-linux";
    # toolchain is an environment with the specified packages
    # rootfs will contain all binaries given by toolchain
    toolchain = pkgs.buildEnv {
      name = "pigeon-toolchain";
      paths = with pkgs; [ binutils bash coreutils gcc gnumake util-linux ];
    };
    closure = pkgs.closureInfo {
      rootPaths = [ toolchain ];
    };
    rootfs = pkgs.runCommand "pigeon-rootfs" {
      nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ e2fsprogs ];
    } ''
      mkdir -p rootfs && cd rootfs
      umask 022
      mkdir -p dev proc sys tmp usr nix/store root/student root/project root/results
      chmod 777 tmp
      chmod 700 root
      for FILE in $(cat ${closure}/store-paths) ; do
        cp -a "$FILE" nix/store
      done
      ln -s ${toolchain}/bin bin
      ln -s ${toolchain}/bin usr/bin
      cp ${./init.sh} init
      cd ..
      mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d rootfs $out "1G"
    '';
    # minimal kernel build, see firecracker documentation for needed params
    kernel-params = [
      "64BIT" "TTY" "SERIAL_8250" "SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE" "PRINTK"
      "HYPERVISOR_GUEST" "PARAVIRT" "KVM_GUEST"
      "BLOCK" "VIRTIO_MENU" "VIRTIO" "VIRTIO_PCI" "VIRTIO_MMIO" "VIRTIO_BLK"
      "EXT4_FS" "SHMEM" "TMPFS" "PROC_FS" "PROC_SYSCTL" "SYSFS" "DEVTMPFS"
      "ACPI" "PCI" "MAGIC_SYSRQ"
      "BINFMT_ELF" "BINFMT_SCRIPT" "MULTIUSER" "FUTEX" "EPOLL" "EVENTFD"
      "SIGNALFD" "TIMERFD" "POSIX_TIMERS" "FILE_LOCKING" "ADVISE_SYSCALLS"
      "NET" "UNIX"
    ];
    kernel = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
      inherit (pkgs.linux_6_1) src version;
      pname = "pigeon-kernel";
      nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ bc bison elfutils flex perl ];
      hardeningDisable = [ "all" ];
      enableParallelBuilding = true;
      configurePhase = ''
        runHook preConfigure
        patchShebangs scripts tools
        make tinyconfig
        for OPTION in ${toString kernel-params} ; do
          scripts/config --enable "$OPTION"
        done
        make olddefconfig
        for OPTION in ${toString kernel-params} ; do
          grep -qx "CONFIG_$OPTION=y" .config || exit 1
        done
        runHook postConfigure
      '';
      buildFlags = [ "vmlinux" ];
      installPhase = ''
        runHook preInstall
        cp vmlinux "$out"
        runHook postInstall
      '';
    };
    pigeon = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
      name = "pigeon";
      runtimeInputs = with pkgs; [ coreutils curl diffutils e2fsprogs firecracker git jq sqlite ];
      excludeShellChecks = [ "SC2016" "SC2030" "SC2031" ];
      text = builtins.replaceStrings
        [ "@kernel@" "@rootfs@" "@toolchain@" ] [ "${kernel}" "${rootfs}" "${toolchain}" ]
        (builtins.readFile ./pigeon.sh);
    };
    # see webhook documentation for hooks
    hooks = pkgs.writeText "pigeon-hooks.json" (builtins.toJSON [
      {
        id = "release";
        execute-command = "${pkgs.nq}/bin/nq";
        include-command-output-in-response = false;
        pass-arguments-to-command = [
          { source = "string";  name = "${pigeon}/bin/pigeon"; }
          { source = "payload"; name = "project.id"; }
          { source = "payload"; name = "project.path_with_namespace"; }
          { source = "payload"; name = "commit.id"; }
          { source = "payload"; name = "tag"; }
          { source = "payload"; name = "created_at"; }
        ];
        trigger-rule.and = [
          {
            match = {
              type = "value";
              parameter = { source = "header"; name = "X-Gitlab-Event"; };
              value = "Release Hook";
            };
          }
          {
            match = {
              type = "value";
              parameter = { source = "payload"; name = "action"; };
              value = "create";
            };
          }
          {
            match = {
              type = "value";
              parameter = { source = "header"; name = "X-Gitlab-Token"; };
              value = "{{ getenv `SECRET` | js }}";
            };
          }
        ];
      }
    ]);
    pigeon-webhook = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
      name = "pigeon-webhook";
      runtimeInputs = with pkgs; [ coreutils jq nq sqlite webhook ];
      text = ''
        : "''${SECRET:?}"
        : "''${TOKEN:?}"
        : "''${GRADER:?}"
        : "''${STATE:?}"
        mkdir -p "$STATE"
        export NQDIR="$STATE/nqdir"
        exec webhook -hooks ${hooks} -template -port 3000 -verbose -debug
      '';
    };
  in {
-    packages.x86_64-linux.default = pigeon-webhook;
+    packages.x86_64-linux.pigeon-kernel = pkgs.callPackage ./kernel/kernel.nix { };
    packages.x86_64-linux.pigeon-rootfs = pkgs.callPackage ./rootfs/rootfs.nix {
      pigeon-toolchain = with pkgs; [ bash coreutils gcc gnumake util-linux ];
    };
  };
 }    
@@ -1,42 +1,31 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 export PATH=/bin TMPDIR=/tmp
 trap 'sync ; echo 1 >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq ; echo b >/proc/sysrq-trigger' EXIT
 export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin HOME=/tmp/build TMPDIR=/tmp
 mount -t proc proc /proc
 mount -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
-mount -t tmpfs tmp /tmp
+mount -t tmpfs -o mode=1777,size=64m tmp /tmp
 mount -t ext4 -r /dev/vdb /root/student
-mount -t ext4 -r /dev/vdc /root/project
+mount -t ext4 -r /dev/vdc /root/grader
 mount -t ext4 /dev/vdd /root/results
-cp -a /root/student/. /tmp/
+mkdir -p /tmp/build
-cp -a --remove-destination /root/project/build/. /tmp/
+cp -a /root/student/. /tmp/build/
-chmod -R 777 /tmp
+cp -a --remove-destination /root/grader/build/. /tmp/build/
-cd /tmp
+chown -R 65534:65534 /tmp/build
 rm -f program
 (
  cd /tmp/build
  ulimit -t 30 -u 256 -n 256 -f 2048
-  timeout -s 9 30 \
+  setpriv --reuid=65534 --regid=65534 --clear-groups \
-    setpriv --reuid=1 --regid=1 --clear-groups --no-new-privs --inh-caps=-all \
+    timeout -s 9 30 make >/root/results/build.log 2>&1
    make -B >/root/results/build.log 2>&1
  echo $? >/root/results/build.status
 )
-for TEST in /root/project/tests/* ; do
+[ "$(cat /root/results/build.status)" != 0 ] && exit
  NAME="$(basename "$TEST")"
-  ARGS="/root/project/args/$NAME"
+for TEST in /root/grader/tests/*.sh ; do
-  [ -f "$ARGS" ] || ARGS=/dev/null
+  NAME="$(basename "$TEST" .sh)"
-
+  timeout -s 9 10 "$TEST" 2>/dev/null >"/root/results/$NAME"
  cp -a --remove-destination "$TEST" /tmp/test
  chmod 755 /tmp/test
  (
    ulimit -t 2 -u 256 -n 256 -f 2048
    timeout -s 9 2 \
      setpriv --reuid=1 --regid=1 --clear-groups --no-new-privs --inh-caps=-all \
      /tmp/test <"$ARGS" >"/root/results/$NAME" 2>/dev/null
    echo $? >"/root/results/$NAME.status"
  )
 done
@@ -1,135 +1,30 @@
-PROJECT="${2##*/}"
+STUDENT_URL="$1"
-STUDENT="${2%/*}"
+PROJECT_ID="$2"
-GRADER="$(realpath -m "${GRADER:?}")/$PROJECT"
+RELEASE_TAG="$3"
-DATABASE="$(realpath -m "${STATE:?}")/db"
+COMMIT_ID="$4"
-DIRECTORY="$(mktemp -d /tmp/pigeon.XXXXXXXXXX)"
+
 : ${PIGEON_GITLAB_TOKEN:?}
 : ${PIGEON_GRADER_URL:?}
 DIRECTORY=`mktemp -d /tmp/pigeon.XXXXXXXXXX`
 trap 'rm -rf "$DIRECTORY"' EXIT
 cd "$DIRECTORY"
-git -c advice.detachedHead=false clone -q --rev "$3" --depth 1 \
+git clone "$STUDENT_URL" student
-  "https://oauth2:${TOKEN:?}@gitlab.com/$2.git" student/
+git clone "$ASSIGNMENT_URL" assignment
 rm -rf student/.git
-mkdir -p project/tests project/build project/args
+ASSIGNMENT="${STUDENT_URL:#*\.}"
-for DIR in "$GRADER"/tests/*/ ; do
+cp -a "$TESTS"/"$ASSIGNMENT"/. "$DIRECTORY"/
-  NAME="$(basename "$DIR")"
+mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d "$STUDENT" 'student.img' 64M
-  cp -a "$DIR/input.sh" "project/tests/$NAME"
+mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d "$DIRECTORY" 'tests.img' 16M
-  [ -f "$DIR/output.txt" ] ||
+mkfs.ext4 -q -F 'results.img' 16M
    head -c 4096 /dev/urandom | LC_ALL=C tr -dc ' -~' >"project/args/$NAME"
 done
 cp -a "$GRADER"/build/. project/build/
-mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d student student.img 16M
+@pigeon-vm@ student.img tests.img results.img
 mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d project project.img 16M
 mkfs.ext4 -q -F results.img 16M
 if [ -d "$GRADER/canonical" ] ; then
  mkdir -p canonical
  cp -a "$GRADER"/canonical/. canonical/
  cp -a --remove-destination "$GRADER"/build/. canonical/
  (
    export PATH=@toolchain@/bin
    cd canonical && timeout 30 make
  ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || exit 1
 fi
 cat >vm.json <<'EOF'
 {
  "boot-source": {
    "kernel_image_path": "@kernel@",
    "boot_args": "reboot=k panic=1 init=/init quiet nomodule i8042.noaux i8042.nomux i8042.dumbkbd swiotlb=noforce console=ttyS0"
  },
  "drives": [
    { "drive_id": "rootfs",  "path_on_host": "@rootfs@",    "is_root_device": true,  "is_read_only": true },
    { "drive_id": "student", "path_on_host": "student.img", "is_root_device": false, "is_read_only": true },
    { "drive_id": "project", "path_on_host": "project.img", "is_root_device": false, "is_read_only": true },
    { "drive_id": "results", "path_on_host": "results.img", "is_root_device": false, "is_read_only": false }
  ],
  "machine-config": { "vcpu_count": 1, "mem_size_mib": 512 }
 }
 EOF
-timeout 60 firecracker --no-api --level Error --config-file vm.json
+curl --request PUT \
-
+  --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: $GITLAB_TOKEN" \
 SCORE=0
 PUBLIC=1
 for DIR in "$GRADER"/tests/*/ ; do
  NAME="$(basename "$DIR")"
  debugfs -R "cat /$NAME" results.img >scratch 2>/dev/null
  EXIT="$(debugfs -R "cat /$NAME.status" results.img 2>/dev/null)"
  EXPECTED="$(cat "$DIR/status.txt" 2>/dev/null || true)"
  case "$EXPECTED" in '' | *[!0-9]*) EXPECTED=0 ;; esac
  if [ -f "$DIR/output.txt" ] ; then
    cat "$DIR/output.txt"
  elif [ -d canonical ] ; then
    (
      export PATH=@toolchain@/bin
      cd canonical && timeout 2 sh "$DIRECTORY/project/tests/$NAME"
    ) <"project/args/$NAME" 2>/dev/null || true
  fi >expected
  if cmp -s scratch expected && [ "$EXIT" -eq "$EXPECTED" ] ; then
    RESULT=YES
    SCORE=$((SCORE + 1))
  elif [ "$EXIT" -eq 124 ] || [ "$EXIT" -eq 137 ] ; then
    RESULT="NO (timed out)"
  elif [ "$EXIT" -gt 128 ] ; then
    RESULT="NO (crashed with signal $((EXIT - 128)))"
  elif [ "$EXIT" -ne "$EXPECTED" ] ; then
    RESULT="NO (exited with status $EXIT, expected $EXPECTED)"
  else
    RESULT="NO (wrong output)"
  fi
  case "$NAME" in
    p*)
      if [ "$RESULT" != YES ] ; then PUBLIC=0 ; fi
      echo "$(cat "$DIR/test.txt") $RESULT  " >>public ;;
    r*)
      echo "$(cat "$DIR/test.txt") $RESULT  " >>release ;;
  esac
 done
 q() {
  printf "'%s'" "${1//\'/\'\'}"
 }
 MESSAGE="$(cat public || true)"
 [ "$(sqlite3 -bail -cmd '.timeout 10000' "$DATABASE" <<EOF
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS results (
    id      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    student TEXT NOT NULL,
    project TEXT NOT NULL,
    hash    TEXT NOT NULL,
    time    TEXT NOT NULL,
    score   INTEGER NOT NULL,
    token   BOOLEAN NOT NULL
 );
 INSERT INTO results (student, project, hash, time, score, token)
 SELECT
  $(q "$STUDENT"),
  $(q "$PROJECT"),
  $(q "$3"),
  $(q "$(date -u -d "$5" '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null || date -u '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"),
  $SCORE,
  ($PUBLIC = 1) AND (
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM results
    WHERE student = $(q "$STUDENT") AND project = $(q "$PROJECT")
      AND token AND time > datetime('now', '-1 day')
  ) < 3
 RETURNING token;
 EOF
 )" = 1 ] && MESSAGE="$(cat public release || true)"
 if [ "$(debugfs -R "cat /build.status" results.img 2>/dev/null)" -ne 0 ] ; then
  debugfs -R "cat /build.log" results.img >build.log 2>/dev/null
  MESSAGE="$(printf '````\n%s\n````' "$(head -c 8192 build.log)")"
 fi
 curl -s --show-error --out-null --request PUT \
  --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: ${TOKEN:?}" \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-  --data "$(jq -n --arg d "$MESSAGE" '{"description": $d}')" \
+  --data "{\"description\": \"$RESULTS\"}" \
-  --url "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/$1/releases/$(jq -rn --arg t "$4" '$t|@uri')"
+  --url "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/$PROJECT_ID/releases/$TAG_NAME"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 cd /tmp/build
 ulimit -t 1 -u 256 -n 256 -f 2048
 exec setpriv --reuid=65534 --regid=65534 --clear-groups timeout -s 9 2 ./program "$@"
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
 {
  pkgs,
  pigeon-toolchain,
  pigeon-vcpu-count ? 1,
  pigeon-memory-size ? 512,
  pigeon-disc-size ? "1G",
  pigeon-kernel-params ? [
    "64BIT" "TTY" "SERIAL_8250" "SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE" "PRINTK"
    "HYPERVISOR_GUEST" "PARAVIRT" "KVM_GUEST"
    "BLOCK" "VIRTIO_MENU" "VIRTIO" "VIRTIO_PCI" "VIRTIO_MMIO" "VIRTIO_BLK"
    "EXT4_FS" "SHMEM" "TMPFS" "PROC_FS" "PROC_SYSCTL" "SYSFS" "DEVTMPFS"
    "ACPI" "PCI" "PCI_MSI" "MAGIC_SYSRQ"
    "BINFMT_ELF" "BINFMT_SCRIPT" "MULTIUSER" "FUTEX" "EPOLL" "EVENTFD"
    "SIGNALFD" "TIMERFD" "POSIX_TIMERS" "FILE_LOCKING" "ADVISE_SYSCALLS"
    "NET" "UNIX"
  ]
 }:
 let
  kernel = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
    inherit (pkgs.linux_6_1) src version;
    pname = "pigeon-kernel";
    nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ bc bison elfutils flex perl ];
    hardeningDisable = [ "all" ];
    enableParallelBuilding = true;
    configurePhase = ''
      runHook preConfigure
      patchShebangs scripts tools
      make tinyconfig
      for OPTION in ${toString pigeon-kernel-params}; do
        scripts/config --enable $OPTION
      done
      make olddefconfig
      for OPTION in ${toString pigeon-kernel-config}; do
        grep -qx "CONFIG_$OPTION=y" .config || exit 1
      done
      runHook postConfigure
    '';
    buildFlags = [ "vmlinux" ];
    installPhase = ''
      runHook preInstall
      cp vmlinux "$out"
      runHook postInstall
    '';
  };
  toolchain = pkgs.buildEnv { name = "pigeon-toolchain"; paths = pigeon-toolchain; };
  closure = pkgs.closureInfo { rootPaths = [ toolchain ]; };
  rootfs = pkgs.runCommand "pigeon-rootfs" { nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.e2fsprogs ]; } ''
    mkdir -p rootfs && cd rootfs
    mkdir -p dev proc sys tmp usr nix/store root/student root/grader root/results
    chmod 700 root
    for FILE in $(cat ${closure}/store-paths); do
      cp -a "$FILE" nix/store
    done
    ln -s ${toolchain}/bin bin
    ln -s ${toolchain}/bin usr/bin
    install -m 755 ${./init.sh} init
    install -m 755 ${./run.sh} run
    cd ..
    mkfs.ext4 -q -F -d rootfs $out ${pigeon-disc-size}
  '';
  vmconfig = pkgs.writeText "pigeon-vm.json" (builtins.toJSON {
    boot-source = {
      kernel_image_path = "${kernel}";
      boot_args = "reboot=k panic=1 quiet init=/init nomodule 8250.nr_uarts=0 i8042.noaux i8042.nomux i8042.dumbkbd swiotlb=noforce";
    };
    drives = [
      {
        drive_id = "rootfs";
        path_on_host = "${rootfs}";
        is_root_device = true;
        is_read_only = true;
      }
      {
        drive_id = "student";
        path_on_host = "";
        is_root_device = false;
        is_read_only = true;
      }
      {
        drive_id = "grader";
        path_on_host = "";
        is_root_device = false;
        is_read_only = true;
      }
      {
        drive_id = "results";
        path_on_host = "";
        is_root_device = false;
        is_read_only = false;
      }
    ];
    machine-config = {
      vcpu_count = pigeon-vcpu-count;
      mem_size_mib = pigeon-memory-size;
    };
  });
 in
  pkgs.writeShellApplication {
    name = "pigeon-vm";
    runtimeInputs = with pkgs; [ coreutils firecracker jq ];
    text = ''
      [ "$#" -ne 3 ] && exit 1
      CONFIG="$(mktemp)"
      trap 'rm -rf "$CONFIG"' EXIT
      jq --arg s "$1" --arg g "$2" --arg r "$3" '
        (.drives[] | select(.drive_id == "student").path_on_host) = $s |
        (.drives[] | select(.drive_id == "grader").path_on_host) = $g |
        (.drives[] | select(.drive_id == "result").path_on_host) = $r
      ' ${vmconfig} >"$CONFIG"
      firecracker --no-api --config-file "$CONFIG"
    '';
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
 { pkgs }:
 let
  hooks = pkgs.writeText "pigeon-hooks.json" (builtins.toJSON [{
    id = "release";
    execute-command = "{./pigeon.sh}";
    include-command-output-in-response = false;
    pass-arguments-to-command = [
      { source = "payload"; name = "project.git_http_url"; }
      { source = "payload"; name = "project.id"; }
      { source = "payload"; name = "tag"; }
      { source = "payload"; name = "commit.id"; }
    ];
    trigger-rule.and = [
      {
        match = {
          type = "value";
          parameter = { source = "header"; name = "X-Gitlab-Event"; };
          value = "Release Hook";
        };
        match = {
          type = "value";
          parameter = { source = "payload"; name = "action"; };
          value = "create";
        };
        match = {
          type = "value";
          parameter = { source = "header"; name = "X-Gitlab-Token"; };
          value = "{{ getenv `PIGEON_GITLAB_TOKEN` | js }}";
        };
      }
    ];
  }]);
 in
  pkgs.writeShellApplication {
    name = "pigeon";
    runtimeInputs = [ pkgs.webhook ];
    text = ''
      : ''${PIGEON_GITLAB_TOKEN:?}
      exec webhook -hooks ${hooks} -template -port "''${PIGEON_PORT:-9000}" -verbose
    '';
  }